Cystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, medications, remedies for cystitis.

Among many urological diseases, cystitis in women is the most common pathology.The etymology is due to the damage to the upper mucosal layer of the internal walls of the bladder by the inflammatory process.Sometimes the submucosal and muscular layer intervenes in the damage process, causing changes in the tissue structure of the organ and alteration of its functions.

Women are much more likely to suffer from cystitis (up to 80% of all patients).This is due to the peculiarity of the female anatomical structure of the urethral canal.It is wider and shorter than the male urethra, which does not cause difficulties for infectious agents.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself acutely or chronically, with various symptoms and signs.

Causes of cystitis

Cystitis itself belongs to the classification of infectious diseases.Its genesis is associated with bacterial carriers: coliform bacteria (70%), spherical staphylococci and other bacteria.The main role in the appearance of cystitis in women is given to the spread of infection from possible lesions on the body:

• In the underlying organs (various forms of vulvovaginitis);
• Descending route with the flow of urine from foci of inflammation in the kidneys and upper parts of the ureter;
• Hematogenously promoting the pathogen (through the bloodstream).

Often, acute cystitis in women develops as a result of structural underdevelopment of the urinary system or oncological neoplasms, which create an obstacle to the normal process of urine production, contribute to its acute retention in the urinary system and the development of infection.

The development of pathology is influenced by several factors that contribute to a decrease in the general resistance (resistance) of the immune system:

• Acute and chronic infectious diseases in history (previously suffered): inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes or ovaries, acute or purulent pyelonephritis, inflammation of the urethra;
• Hypothermia and prolonged sedentary work;
• Conditions and diseases that reduce immune protection (pregnancy and diabetes);
• Chronic sources of infection: sore throat, rhinitis or cavities;
• Immunosuppressive medications, stress and instability of the nervous system;
• Back injuries;
• early sexual relations;
• Neglect of hygiene;
• Age factor.

Forms of cystitis and features of manifestation.

Cystitis in women can manifest itself in various ways, due to morphological changes in the wall of the bladder cavity.

• Catarrhal pathology is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous layer of the organ membrane, caused by the action of the inflammatory process.
• In the hemorrhagic form, bleeding areas of damage appear on the mucous membrane.There is an increase in red blood cells and gross hematuria (dark or red urine).
• In the necrotic (ulcerative) form, deep depressions in the form of grooves are observed that penetrate the muscular tissue of the membrane.
• The follicular form of the disease is characterized by tuberosity of the mucous layer, caused by the formation of follicular tubercles under the mucous membrane, which do not change the surface of the cavity itself.
• Fibrous appearance: the surface of the mucous layer is covered with a purulent or fibrin film of whitish or violet color.The walls of the bladder become inflamed, the upper lining of the cavity becomes denser and wrinkles.
• Bullous cystitis is manifested by prolonged excessive redness and a significant accumulation of infiltrate (swelling) in the upper layer of the inner lining of the bladder.
• The polyp manifestation is characterized by a prolonged inflammatory process that causes the development of polyps in the mucosal layer and in the cervical area of the organ.
• In cystic pathology, under the mucous membrane layer of the bladder, single or group cystic neoplasms are formed, filled with lymphatic tissue and surrounded by modified epithelium.
• The encrusting type of pathology is characterized by a long course.A characteristic symptom is the formation of phosphate deposits (scale) on the walls of the bladder cavity, which subsequently contribute to the formation of stones.The transformation of carbamide (urea) into alkali occurs due to bacterial microorganisms capable of metabolizing it.

Signs and symptoms of cystitis in women.

In acute cases, vivid symptoms of cystitis and pronounced signs of the disease in women are observed, accompanied by general intoxication (malaise, weakness, chills, vomiting or nausea, slight increase in temperature).

When the disease, after remission (apparent recovery), recurs periodically (more than 2 times a year), it enters the chronic stage.The symptoms of chronic cystitis in women may be less pronounced.

The inflammation processes alternate with the remission stage and the acute clinical course.Cystitis in remission shows no external signs or symptoms.When the disease worsens, many characteristic symptoms appear:

1. Increased need to urinate (every 20 minutes);
2. Pain, burning and stinging along the urethral tract at the time of urine production;
3. Pain in the suprapubic area (can be an independent symptom or accompany the release of urine);
4. Unpleasant odor and cloudiness of urine, formation of scales, blood or purulent clots in it;
5. Sensation of residual urine in the urine bag;
6. Pain in the lumbar and kidney region;
7. Enuresis (urinary incontinence) may develop.

Chronic cystitis in women.It has several signs of the clinical course of the disease.

• The latent course is stable, with rare or frequent exacerbation processes.Symptoms are "erased" or completely absent.
• The persistent type is manifested by characteristic symptoms of chronic pathology.In this case, the functions of the urinary system are not affected.Alternate remission and exacerbation, signs of bleeding inside the organ are possible.
• The interstitial course is characterized by stable painful manifestation signs with significantly pronounced symptoms.The inflammation extends deep into the tissues, a disorder of reservoir function (enuresis).This is the most serious type of disease.

With timely treatment, the disease can be treated quickly;Otherwise, complications cannot be avoided.

Possibility of complications

Lack of treatment or incorrectly selected therapy provokes relapses and complications of the disease:

1. The transition of inflammatory processes to the muscular structure of the bladder wall: the development of an interstitial type of pathology.
2. The upward spread of the infection, affecting the overlying organs of the urinary system, contributes to the formation of associated background pathologies: damage to the renal pelvis, purulent inflammation of the kidneys, etc.
3. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder (not excluded) with subsequent formation of peritonitis.

Cystitis: which doctor should a woman go to?

If signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to consult a urologist to confirm the diagnosis.It is this doctor who solves urological problems.

To exclude the consequences of STDs, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist.You may need a smear of vaginal flora, which will help identify the disease and determine its stage of development.

Diagnosis: identification of the disease.

Various types of diagnostic tests are used to identify the disease, from rapid diagnostics to conventional examination methods, including:

• examination of blood and urine parameters;
• identification of hidden inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
• diagnosis of infectious diseases using PCR analysis;
• sowing in tanks for flora - detection of UPM (bacteria);
• identification of underlying diseases: ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• vaginal dysbiosis analysis;
• biopsy;
• endoscopic examination of the internal cavity of the bladder (cystoscopy).

How to treat cystitis in women?- drugs and medications

How quickly cystitis in women can be cured depends on a properly developed treatment protocol.Treatment tactics include various therapeutic techniques.

Drug therapy involves the prescription of appropriate antibiotics for chronic cystitis in women to suppress concomitant infections: a class of cephalosporins and a combination of protected penicillins.

They are prescribed immediately, without waiting for the pathogen to be identified, followed by adjustment of the drugs.

The main treatment is tablets.In the treatment of cystitis in women, tablets are prescribed to relieve symptoms.These include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, antispasmodic and uroseptic agents based on nitrofurans and sulfonamides.As additional treatment, natural antispasmodics and uroseptics (herbs, herbs, etc.) may be prescribed.

Specific medications are prescribed purely individually.Since many of them have a number of contraindications and restrictions on their use.The treatment will be complete if a gentle regimen and a balanced diet are followed, since diet plays an important role.

• it is necessary to drink more liquid (still water, juices);
• more foods containing vitamin C;
• exclude smoked meats, spices, fried foods and dishes rich in potassium (dishes made from cottage cheese, cheese and milk) from the diet;
• Alcohol is not allowed.

Measures to prevent cystitis.

To prevent a relapse of the disease, you must strictly follow your doctor's recommendations.Basic rules:

• avoid hypothermia and prolonged sitting;
• Consume up to 1.5 liters.fluids per day;
• avoid stagnation of urine (do not hold back the urge);
• during intimacy, use protective methods;
• Do not neglect personal hygiene (especially during the menstrual cycle).

Following these simple rules will protect you from further treatment of the disease.